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A-level Psychology (AQA) — Issues and debates: 21 practice questions

21 original A-level Psychology (AQA) questions on Issues and debates, each with an explanation and its source. Topics: Issues and debates: free will and determinism, Gender bias: androcentrism, Alpha bias, Beta bias, Cultural bias: ethnocentrism, Cultural relativism, Hard determinism, Soft determinism, Biological determinism, Environmental determinism, Psychic determinism, Nature–nurture interactionism, Biological reductionism, Environmental reductionism, Holism, Idiographic approach, Nomothetic approach, Social sensitivity, Gender and culture: universal claims, Alpha and beta bias contrast, Choice and determinism. Two free samples are below. Try 5 more free, no sign-up.

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Two Issues and debates questions with explanations

Open a question, choose an answer in your head, then open the explanation.

Q1 Issues and debates: free will and determinism

A psychologist explains a participant’s behaviour through learned associations but acknowledges that the participant can reflect and choose among responses. Which evaluation is most balanced?

  1. The explanation establishes that no environmental factor matters.
  2. It proves behaviour is entirely random.
  3. Learning theory assumes every choice is completely free.
  4. The explanation includes deterministic influences while allowing that conscious choice may also be considered.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: D. Learning accounts often emphasise environmental influences, which raises determinism. A balanced discussion can consider the extent of choice without assuming either absolute freedom or complete control.

Sources: AQA · AQA

Q2 Gender bias: androcentrism

A researcher treats male behaviour as the norm and interprets women’s behaviour as a deviation. Which bias?

  1. androcentrism
  2. alpha bias
  3. beta bias
  4. ethnocentrism
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A. The defining clue is “androcentrism”, which names gender bias: androcentrism in this context.

Sources: AQA

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