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A-level Psychology (AQA) — 4.2.3: 20 practice questions

20 original A-level Psychology (AQA) questions on 4.2.3, each with an explanation and its source. Topics: investigator effects, sampling, hypotheses, quasi-experiments, content analysis, reliability, validity, ethics, scientific reports, levels of measurement, range, correlation, distributions, Spearman’s rho, Pearson’s r, Mann–Whitney, Wilcoxon, Chi-squared, Type II error, significance. Two free samples are below. Try 5 more free, no sign-up.

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Two 4.2.3 questions with explanations

Open a question, choose an answer in your head, then open the explanation.

Q1 investigator effects

In an interview study, the researcher smiles more often when participants give answers supporting the hypothesis. What is the main methodological concern?

  1. The researcher’s behaviour may influence responses or interpretation.
  2. Participants have been randomly allocated to conditions.
  3. The interview has automatically achieved high ecological validity.
  4. The sample has become stratified.
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: A. Investigator effects occur when a researcher’s expectations or behaviour influence participants or the recording of data.

Sources: AQA · AQA

Q2 sampling

A psychologist wants a sample reflecting the proportions of year groups in a college. Which method is most directly suited to this aim?

  1. Opportunity sampling only from one psychology class
  2. Stratified sampling using the year-group proportions
  3. Volunteer sampling from an online advert
  4. Snowball sampling through one friendship group
Show the answer and explanation

Answer: B. Stratified sampling represents defined subgroups in proportions matching the target population.

Sources: AQA · AQA

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