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GCSE Geography (AQA) — Resource management: food, water and energy: 152 practice questions

152 original GCSE Geography (AQA) questions on Resource management: food, water and energy, each with an explanation and its source. Topics: Resource management, Sustainability, Application of knowledge, Applied explanation, Water resources, Energy resources, Food resources, Water resource management, Energy mix and trade-offs, UK food demand, seasonality and food miles, UK water supply: deficit, surplus and transfer, UK energy mix and domestic supply, Food security: multiple causes, Sustainable food supply: local schemes, Water quality and pollution management, Energy supply: physical, economic and political factors, Water scarcity, Water transfer, Food security, Renewable energy, Fracking, Demand management, Sustainable agriculture, Resource trade-offs, Resource inequality, UK food miles, Agribusiness, Food supply factors, Undernutrition, Hydroponics, Biotechnology, Irrigation, Large-scale agriculture, Permaculture, Water quality, Desalination, Grey water, Groundwater management, Water conflict, Energy supply factors, Nuclear power, Geothermal energy, Biofuel trade-off, Carbon footprint, Energy efficiency, Relief and land use, Landscape resources, UK regional inequality, Transport investment, Transport and labour market, Geographical distribution of UK energy resources, Interpreting changes in an energy mix, Import dependence and energy security, Energy carriers and primary resources, Calculating absolute generation from a mix, Factors causing an energy mix to change, Designing a balanced electricity mix, Trade-offs in a low-carbon energy transition, Renewable share within a national energy mix, Combustion and climate impacts, Capacity factor and intermittent generation, Annual output from average generation, Weather dependence and wind output, Comparing installed capacity with average output, Deriving average output from capacity factor, Understanding capacity factor versus shortfall, Physical factors affecting wind generation, Using annual generation data to derive capacity factor, Firm capacity and weather-dependent generation, Meaning and limits of capacity factor, Thermal losses during battery cycling, Battery power rating versus energy capacity, Storage losses in absolute energy terms, Comparing battery and pumped-hydro storage, Storage response time and grid services, Pumped-storage hydroelectricity process, Matching storage technology to duration, Energy storage versus energy generation, Grid balancing and renewable curtailment, Planning for storage scale and impacts, Peak demand versus continuous base demand, Seasonal causes of winter electricity peaks, Post-response peak demand, Measuring demand-response effectiveness, Efficiency savings versus peak shifting, Demand shifting versus energy conservation, Equity impacts of time-of-use tariffs, Demand-side management compared with new generation, Peak-demand planning threshold, Limits of peak shaving, Electricity access and essential health services, Electricity access and education, Comparing central grid and community microgrid options, Spatial inequality in household energy access, Access indicators and population denominators, Households without reliable electricity access, Unequal access to electricity, Barriers to rural electrification, Off-grid energy access strategy, Reliability, access and affordability, Drivers of household energy poverty, Effect of a unit-price rise on household bills, Monthly budgeting for household energy, Seasonal energy affordability, Energy affordability and prepayment meters, Monthly energy-cost planning, Relative energy burden and household income, Targeting assistance by affordability threshold, Improving efficiency to address energy poverty, Assessing fuel-poverty intervention, Changing energy demand and carbon outcomes, Avoided emissions through energy efficiency, Comparing carbon intensity between grids, Life-cycle emissions and energy choices, Calculating emissions from a lower-carbon grid, Energy efficiency and rebound effects, Operational emissions versus total electricity impacts, Energy-source carbon claims and evidence, Transition fuel and flexibility trade-offs, Relative intensity and total emissions, Energy transition and reliability planning, Defining energy security, Source diversification and security, Interconnectors and shared energy systems, Strategic reserves and short-term disruption, Critical minerals and renewable-energy supply chains, Domestic energy choices and security trade-offs, Resilience under compound disruption, Demand reduction as an energy-security measure, Monitoring energy security, Onshore and offshore wind geography, Brownfield solar development, Competing land uses for solar farms, Nuclear-power siting and water resources, Bioenergy and competition with food production, Tidal-energy predictability and ecosystems, Transmission-route planning, Distribution of local costs and benefits, Environmental baseline data before construction, Community engagement in energy siting, Using renewable surplus for flexible industrial demand, Curtailment when supply exceeds network capacity, Time mismatch between renewable supply and demand, Usable surplus after storage and network limits, Flexible electricity use during renewable surplus, Storage duration and seasonal balancing, Transmission bottlenecks and local renewable surplus, Forecasting and scheduling flexible resources, Coordinating storage, interconnection and demand, Evaluating long-term management of renewable surplus. 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One Resource management: food, water and energy question with explanations

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Q1 Resource management

Explain why water scarcity can occur even in a country with high annual rainfall.

4 marks

Show a model answer

Model answer. Rainfall may be seasonal or unevenly distributed, while demand is concentrated in cities or farming regions. Storage, infrastructure, pollution and access can also limit usable supply, so total annual rainfall does not equal reliable water availability.

Sources: AQA · AQA

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Topics in Resource management: food, water and energy

Resource management 1
Sustainability 1
Application of knowledge 3
Applied explanation 1
Water resources 1
Energy resources 1
Food resources 1
Water resource management 1
Energy mix and trade-offs 1
UK food demand, seasonality and food miles 1
UK water supply: deficit, surplus and transfer 1
UK energy mix and domestic supply 1
Food security: multiple causes 1
Sustainable food supply: local schemes 1
Water quality and pollution management 1
Energy supply: physical, economic and political factors 1
Water scarcity 1
Water transfer 1
Food security 1
Renewable energy 1
Fracking 1
Demand management 1
Sustainable agriculture 1
Resource trade-offs 1
Resource inequality 1
UK food miles 1
Agribusiness 1
Food supply factors 1
Undernutrition 1
Hydroponics 1
Biotechnology 1
Irrigation 1
Large-scale agriculture 1
Permaculture 1
Water quality 1
Desalination 1
Grey water 1
Groundwater management 1
Water conflict 1
Energy supply factors 1
Nuclear power 1
Geothermal energy 1
Biofuel trade-off 1
Carbon footprint 1
Energy efficiency 1
Relief and land use 1
Landscape resources 1
UK regional inequality 1
Transport investment 1
Transport and labour market 1
Geographical distribution of UK energy resources 1
Interpreting changes in an energy mix 1
Import dependence and energy security 1
Energy carriers and primary resources 1
Calculating absolute generation from a mix 1
Factors causing an energy mix to change 1
Designing a balanced electricity mix 1
Trade-offs in a low-carbon energy transition 1
Renewable share within a national energy mix 1
Combustion and climate impacts 1
Capacity factor and intermittent generation 1
Annual output from average generation 1
Weather dependence and wind output 1
Comparing installed capacity with average output 1
Deriving average output from capacity factor 1
Understanding capacity factor versus shortfall 1
Physical factors affecting wind generation 1
Using annual generation data to derive capacity factor 1
Firm capacity and weather-dependent generation 1
Meaning and limits of capacity factor 1
Thermal losses during battery cycling 1
Battery power rating versus energy capacity 1
Storage losses in absolute energy terms 1
Comparing battery and pumped-hydro storage 1
Storage response time and grid services 1
Pumped-storage hydroelectricity process 1
Matching storage technology to duration 1
Energy storage versus energy generation 1
Grid balancing and renewable curtailment 1
Planning for storage scale and impacts 1
Peak demand versus continuous base demand 1
Seasonal causes of winter electricity peaks 1
Post-response peak demand 1
Measuring demand-response effectiveness 1
Efficiency savings versus peak shifting 1
Demand shifting versus energy conservation 1
Equity impacts of time-of-use tariffs 1
Demand-side management compared with new generation 1
Peak-demand planning threshold 1
Limits of peak shaving 1
Electricity access and essential health services 1
Electricity access and education 1
Comparing central grid and community microgrid options 1
Spatial inequality in household energy access 1
Access indicators and population denominators 1
Households without reliable electricity access 1
Unequal access to electricity 1
Barriers to rural electrification 1
Off-grid energy access strategy 1
Reliability, access and affordability 1
Drivers of household energy poverty 1
Effect of a unit-price rise on household bills 1
Monthly budgeting for household energy 1
Seasonal energy affordability 1
Energy affordability and prepayment meters 1
Monthly energy-cost planning 1
Relative energy burden and household income 1
Targeting assistance by affordability threshold 1
Improving efficiency to address energy poverty 1
Assessing fuel-poverty intervention 1
Changing energy demand and carbon outcomes 1
Avoided emissions through energy efficiency 1
Comparing carbon intensity between grids 1
Life-cycle emissions and energy choices 1
Calculating emissions from a lower-carbon grid 1
Energy efficiency and rebound effects 1
Operational emissions versus total electricity impacts 1
Energy-source carbon claims and evidence 1
Transition fuel and flexibility trade-offs 1
Relative intensity and total emissions 1
Energy transition and reliability planning 1
Defining energy security 1
Source diversification and security 1
Interconnectors and shared energy systems 1
Strategic reserves and short-term disruption 1
Critical minerals and renewable-energy supply chains 1
Domestic energy choices and security trade-offs 1
Resilience under compound disruption 1
Demand reduction as an energy-security measure 1
Monitoring energy security 1
Onshore and offshore wind geography 1
Brownfield solar development 1
Competing land uses for solar farms 1
Nuclear-power siting and water resources 1
Bioenergy and competition with food production 1
Tidal-energy predictability and ecosystems 1
Transmission-route planning 1
Distribution of local costs and benefits 1
Environmental baseline data before construction 1
Community engagement in energy siting 1
Using renewable surplus for flexible industrial demand 1
Curtailment when supply exceeds network capacity 1
Time mismatch between renewable supply and demand 1
Usable surplus after storage and network limits 1
Flexible electricity use during renewable surplus 1
Storage duration and seasonal balancing 1
Transmission bottlenecks and local renewable surplus 1
Forecasting and scheduling flexible resources 1
Coordinating storage, interconnection and demand 1
Evaluating long-term management of renewable surplus 1

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